Bolsonaro breaks with one of Brazil’s most powerful parties

The decision to fire Health Minister Luiz Henrique Mandetta amid the deadliest pandemic in a century was undoubtedly a questionable move by Brazil’s President Jair Bolsonaro. Beyond issues of public health, axing Mr. Mandetta also creates a major — and perhaps insurmountable — cleavage between his administration and the conservative Democratas party, one of the most powerful political groups in present-day Brazil and of which the former Health Minister is a member.

Moments after the firing was announced, Mr. Bolsonaro spoke to TV news channel CNN Brasil and lashed out at Democratas’ brightest star, House Speaker Rodrigo Maia. He accused Mr. Maia of conspiring against his administration, by attempting to trigger “fiscal time bombs” that would make it impossible for him to govern.

While Mr. Bolsonaro’s diatribe seemed completely out of place — a pandemic that could kill hundreds of thousands of Brazilians is not the best backdrop for an institutional crisis — his suspicions are not completely unfounded. In the past, lawmakers have crippled presidents by intentionally ballooning public spending — former President Dilma Rousseff, impeached four years ago to the day, is the prime example.

However, if there is one party in Brazil that Mr. Bolsonaro should not antagonize it is Democratas. The party controls both chambers of Congress for at least another...