When Michel Temer took office in May 2016, he promised to push through reforms. During the months that Congress debated whether or not to impeach his predecessor Dilma Rousseff, Mr. Temer gathered support from economic elites by promising to follow a radical pro-business agenda, a break from the excessive state interventionism that marked Ms. Rousseff’s tenure and helped push the Brazilian economy into its worst recession on record. The Crown jewels were two reform bills: one to overhaul Brazil’s pension system and a labor reform. While the former never made the light of day, the former came into...